Celtic are 63.3% likely to win the Scottish Premiership again, with rivals Rangers having a 28.9% probability despite enduring their worst league start since 1983.
In Spain’s La Liga, Real Madrid (40.6%) are most likely to reclaim the trophy, with Barcelona given a 29.6% chance of defending their title.
Bayern Munich stand out as Bundesliga favourites in Germany on 61.4%, ahead of Borussia Dortmund (8.8%).
In Serie A, the top three are Inter Milan (25.6%), Juventus (18.2%) and Napoli (17.4%).
Paris St-Germain, meanwhile, are 73.0% likely to win a fifth straight Ligue 1 title in France.
The CIES Football Observatory have developed a statistical model for predicting which clubs will win the title in 29 leagues.
The model combines sporting, economic and demographic variables, taking several factors into account – such as passes into the final third and transfer fees .
Out of the 29 leagues, Red Star Belgrade in Serbia have the highest likelihood of winning the title with a 76.2% chance.
