Spongiotic dermatitis is a term that refers to a specific type of skin inflammation. It affects the top layer of the skin (the epidermis), leading to fluid buildup and symptoms such as scaling, redness, and itch. Often associated with atopic dermatitis and other forms of eczema, the rash may blister and leak fluid, but it’s not contagious.
Spongiotic dermatitis gets its name from the skin’s sponge-like appearance (spongiotic) and the associated skin irritation (dermatitis). Common symptoms may include:
- Dryness
- Redness and irritation
- Scaly patches
- Severe itching
- Red rash in the shape of coins
- Blisters, which make leak fluid (weep)
- Dandruff that is difficult to treat
Reproduced with permission from © DermNet New Zealand www.dermnetnz.org
This type of skin inflammation is usually associated with atopic dermatitis or other types of eczema.
Specific skin conditions that may lead to spongiotic dermatitis include:
- Atopic dermatitis: The most common form of eczema
- Contact dermatitis: An itchy rash caused by a skin irritant, like a chemical or fragrance
- Dyshidrotic eczema: A type of dermatitis that causes small, itchy, painful blisters on your hands or feet
- Nummular eczema: A type of eczema that causes round, red rashes
- Seborrheic dermatitis: A chronic skin condition that causes a red, itchy scalp
Risk Factors
People with the following factors may have a higher risk of developing spongiotic dermatitis:
- Allergies: An allergic reaction to food or medication may cause a skin rash.
- Age: Atopic dermatitis is more common in children, and many people outgrow it by adulthood.
- Family history: People with a history of dermatitis in their family are more likely to be diagnosed with it.
- Immune function: People with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of skin infections and swelling.
- Work exposures: If you are frequently exposed to irritating chemicals or substances, your risk of dermatitis is higher. Exposure to cigarette smoke also increases the risk.
Reproduced with permission from © DermNet dermnetnz.org 2023.
Spongiotic dermatitis treatment can vary based on your symptoms and the underlying cause of the inflammation. Possible treatment options for spongiotic dermatitis may include:
- Skincare: Wash your skin with warm water and a gentle cleanser once daily. Moisturize after washing. Natural oils, such as coconut oil, on the skin may also help.
- Avoid irritants: Avoid skincare products, soaps, or detergents that seem to irritate your skin. Avoid products with fragrances or harsh chemicals. Look for fragrance-free products or those labeled for sensitive skin.
- Topical medications: A steroid cream may soothe redness, swelling, and itching. Topical (on-the-skin) calcineurin inhibitors are also helpful for inflammation.
- Oral medications: Your healthcare provider may recommend taking an antihistamine by mouth if allergies contribute to your rash. In severe cases, they may prescribe an oral steroid to help control your symptoms.
- Phototherapy: This treatment uses ultraviolet light to heal your skin and improve flare-ups. It’s usually not recommended for children.
- Diet changes: A balanced, nutrient-rich diet with a focus on probiotics and vitamin D may ease symptoms.
Uncontrolled inflammation may lead to severe itching, which may cause complications such as:
- Bleeding: Scratching patches of irritated skin may cause the skin to crack and break open. This can lead to bleeding and fluid weeping.
- Infection: When the skin cracks open, scratching may introduce bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Signs of a skin infection include redness, pus, and pain.
- Lichenification: Over time, excessive scratching can cause the skin to thicken, darken, and become leathery.
See your healthcare provider if you think you may have spongiotic dermatitis. Consider seeing your provider if you have skin changes that do not improve with time. If you have signs of a skin infection, such as pus-filled blisters, talk to a healthcare provider right away.
Spongiotic dermatitis describes the symptoms that occur when fluid builds up in your skin and causes inflammation. It’s often related to atopic dermatitis, other forms of eczema, and other skin conditions.
It may cause severe itching and a circular, red rash that looks spongy. Treatment for spongiotic dermatitis may include skincare, medications you take by mouth or apply directly to your skin, and phototherapy. If you have symptoms, talk to a healthcare provider.
